The Company is exposed to various risks as it relates to financial instruments. Management, in conjunction with the Board, mitigates these risks by assessing, monitoring and approving the Company’s risk management process. There have not been any changes in the nature of these risks or the process of managing these risks from the previous reporting periods.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty’s inability to fulfill its payment obligations. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to cash, other receivable (excluding sales tax receivable) and due from related party, which expose the Company to credit risk should the borrower default on maturity of the instruments. Cash is held with reputable chartered banks in Canada, which is closely monitored by management. Management believes that the credit risk concentration with respect to financial instruments included in cash, other receivables and due from related party is minimal.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have sufficient cash resources to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The Company’s liquidity and operating results may be adversely affected if the Company’s access to the capital market is hindered, whether as a result of a downturn in stock market conditions generally or related to matters specific to the Company. The Company generates cash flow primarily from its financing and investing activities.

As at June 30, 2022, the Company had a cash balance of $23,792,408 (June 30, 2021 – $318,844; June 30, 2020 – $143,089), to settle current liabilities of $1,780,877 (June 30, 2021 – $1,374,819; June 30, 2020 – $343,734).

As at June 30, 2022, the Company had the following contractual obligations:

The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash reserves and by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows for a rolling period of 12 months to identify financial requirements. Where insufficient liquidity may exist, the Company may pursue various debt and equity instruments for short or long-term financing of its operations.

Management believes there is sufficient capital to meet short-term business obligations, after taking into account cash flow requirements from operations and the Company’s cash position as at June 30, 2022.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s loans payable and convertible debentures have fixed interest rates. As at June 30, 2022, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to floating interest rates. Management believes that the interest rate risk concentration with respect to financial instruments is minimal.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the Company will be subject to foreign currency fluctuations in satisfying obligations related to its foreign activities. The Company has from, time to time, financial instruments and transactions denominated in foreign currencies, notably in USD. The Company’s primary exposure to foreign exchange risk is that transactions denominated in foreign currency may expose the Company to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. Based on its current operations, management believes that the foreign exchange risk remains minimal.

COVID-19

In December 2019, COVID-19 surfaced in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared a global emergency on January 30, 2020 with respect to the outbreak then characterized it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak has spread globally, and it has continued to cause companies and various international jurisdictions to impose restrictions, such as quarantines, closures, cancellations and travel restrictions. The duration of the business disruptions internationally and related financial impact to the global economy remains highly uncertain at this time, as COVID-19 continues to evolve.

The Company’s operations had been impacted by a delay in projects and restricted access to financing, but management expects the situation to improve once lockdown restrictions will be lifted with vaccine roll-out. Ultimately, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s financial results will depend on future developments, which remain highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to contain it or its impact, among others. These uncertainties arise from the inability to predict the duration of the outbreak, including the duration of travel restrictions, business closures or disruptions, and quarantine/isolation measures that are currently, or may be put in place by Canada, and other countries to fight the virus. While the extent of the impact remains unknown, the Company anticipates this outbreak may cause supply chain disruptions, and increased government regulations, all of which may negatively impact the Company’s business and financial condition.

Fair value

Fair value estimates of financial instruments are made at a specific point in time based on relevant information about financial markets and specific financial instruments. As these estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, they cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions can significantly affect estimated fair values.

As at June 30, 2022, the Company’s financial instruments consisted of cash, other receivables (excluding sales tax recoverable), due from related party, accounts payable, due to related parties, loan payable, and derivative liability. The fair value of other receivables (excluding sales tax recoverable), due from related party, accounts payables and due to related parties are approximately equal to their carrying value due to their short-term nature. As at June 30, 2021, the fair values of the loan payable and convertible debentures approximate their carrying amounts as they were measured taking into consideration comparable instruments with similar risks in determining the rates at which to discount their amount in applying their respective measurement models.

The Company classifies fair value measurements using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy has the following levels:

As at June 30, 2022, the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value consisted of its cash, which is classified as Level 1, and its derivative liability, which have been classified as Level 2. There were no transfers between Levels 2 and 3 for recurring fair value measurements during the years ended June 30, 2022, 2021 and 2020.